Muraayadaha caadiga ah ee kululu waxay leeyihiin heerka jajabka iskiis ah ee ku dhawaad saddex kunkiiba.Marka la hagaajiyo tayada substrate-ka dhalada, heerkani wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu hoos u dhaco.Guud ahaan, "jabka kediska ah" waxaa loola jeedaa jebinta muraayadda iyada oo aan lahayn awood dibadda ah, oo badanaa keenta in muraayadaha muraayadaha ay ka soo dhacaan meelaha sare, oo keena khatar weyn.
Waxyaabaha Saameynaya Jebinta Kediska ah ee muraayadda
Jebinta kediska ah ee muraayadda kulul waxaa loo aaneyn karaa arrimo dibadda iyo gudaha ah.
Waxyaalaha dibadda ee u horseedaya jabinta dhalooyinka:
1.Cidhifyada iyo Xaaladaha Dusha sare:Xoqashada, daxalka dusha sare, dildilaaca, ama geesaha dillaaca ee dusha muraayadda waxay dhalin karaan walbahaar taasoo keeni karta jab aan keligiis ahayn.
2.Nusqaamaha leh Frames:Nusqaamo yar yar ama xiriir toos ah oo u dhexeeya muraayadaha iyo fiimyada, gaar ahaan inta lagu jiro iftiinka qoraxda ee xooggan, halkaas oo is-ballaadhinta kala duwan ee dhalooyinka iyo biraha ay abuuri karaan walaac, taasoo keenta in geesaha galaasyada la cadaadiyo ama ay dhaliyaan diiqad kulayl ku meel gaar ah, taasoo horseedda jebinta dhalada.Sidaa darteed, rakibid taxaddar leh, oo ay ku jiraan xidhid sax ah oo caag ah iyo meelaynta dhalada siman, ayaa muhiim ah.
3.Qodista ama Qodista:Muraayadaha xiiqsan ee lagu sameeyo qodista ama goynta waxay aad ugu nugul yihiin inay si lama filaan ah u dillaacaan.Muraayadaha tayada leh ee tayada leh waxay maraan nadiifinta geesaha si loo yareeyo khatartan.
4.Cadaadiska dabaysha:Meelaha u nugul dabaylaha xooggan ama dhismayaasha dhaadheer, naqshad aan ku filnayn oo looga hortagayo cadaadiska dabaysha waxay u horseedi kartaa jabka kediska ah inta lagu jiro dabaylaha.
Waxyaalaha Gudaha ee Wax ka geysanaya Jebinta Dhalashooyinka:
1.Cilladaha muuqda:Dhagaxyada, wasakhda, ama xumbo ku dhex jira muraayadda waxay sababi karaan kala qaybsanaan walaaceed oo aan sinnayn, taasoo u horseedaysa dillaac iskiis ah.
2.Dhalooyinka qaabdhismeedka aan la arki karinWasakhda xad-dhaafka ah ee nikkel sulfide (NIS) waxay sidoo kale keeni kartaa muraayadda kuleylka ah si ay isu baabi'iso sababtoo ah joogitaanka nikkel sulfide wasakhdu waxay u horseedi kartaa kororka walaaca gudaha ee galaaska, kicinta jabka degdega ah.Nickel sulfide waxa uu u jiraa laba waji oo crystalline ah (heerkul sare α-NiS, wejiga heerkul hoose β-NiS).
Foornada kuleylka, heerkul aad uga sarreeya heerkulka kala-guurka wajiga (379°C), dhammaan nikkel sulfide waxay isu beddeshaa wejiga heerkul sare α-NiS.Muraayada ayaa si degdeg ah uga qabowsa heerkulka sare, iyo α-NiS ma haysto wakhti ay isku beddesho β-NiS, ku qaboojiso muraayadda kulul.Marka muraayadda kuleylka ah lagu rakibo guriga macaamiisha, waxay horeyba ugu jirtaa heerkulka qolka, α-NiS waxay u egtahay inay si tartiib tartiib ah isu beddesho β-NiS, taasoo keenta 2.38% balaadhinta mugga.
Ka dib marka muraayadda la mariyo xanaaq, dusha sare waxay abuurtaa cadaadis cadaadis, halka gudaha gudaha uu muujinayo culeyska kacsanaanta.Labadan ciidan waa isku dheeli tirnaan, laakiin balaadhinta mugga ee ay sababtay kala-guurka wejiga ee nikkel sulfide inta lagu jiro xanaaqa waxay abuurtaa culeys weyn oo kacsanaanta meelaha ku xeeran.
Haddii nikkel sulfide-kan uu dhexda kaga jiro muraayadda, isku-darka labadan culays waxay keeni kartaa in muraayadda dabka lagu shido ay is-burburto.
Haddii nikkel sulfide uu ku yaal dusha muraayadda ee gobolka cadaadiska cadaadiska, muraayadda kuleylka ah isma baabi'in doonto, laakiin xoogga muraayadda kuleylka ah ayaa yaraan doonta.
Guud ahaan, muraayadda kulul ee leh culeyska cadaadiska dusha sare ee 100MPa, nikkel sulfide leh dhexroor ka weyn 0.06 ayaa kicin doona is-burbur, iyo wixii la mid ah.Sidaa darteed, doorashada soo saaraha dhalooyinka ceeriin wanaagsan iyo habka samaynta dhalooyinka waa muhiim.
Xalka Ka-hortagga ah ee Jabinta Kediska ah ee Muraayadaha xanaaqsan
1.Dooro Soosaaraha Muraayadaha Sumcada ah:Qaababka dhalooyinka, hababka samaynta, iyo qalabka dabcidu way ku kala duwanaan karaan warshadaha galaaska sabeeya.Dooro soo-saare la isku halayn karo si loo yareeyo khatarta jabka kediska ah.
2.Maamul Cabbirka Muraayadaha:Qurxinta dhalada ee ka weyn iyo muraayadaha ka dhumuc weyn ayaa leh heerar sare oo jabka kediska ah.Ka fiirso arrimahan inta lagu jiro xulashada muraayadda.
3.Tixgeli galaas heer-ku-kululaysan:Muraayadaha heer-ku-kulul, oo leh diiqad hoosaysa, waxay yarayn kartaa halista jabka kediska ah.
4.U dooro Direyska Cadaadiska:Dooro muraayad leh xitaa qaybinta walaaca iyo sagxadaha siman, maadaama diiqada aan sinnayn ay si weyn u kordhiso khatarta jabka kediska ah.
5.Tijaabada Kulul:Muraayada kululaynta mawduuca si loo kululeeyo baaritaanka qoynta, halkaasoo muraayadda lagu kululeeyo si loo dardargeliyo marxaladda kala-guurka ee NiS.Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa jabinta iskiis ah ee suurtagalka ah inay ku dhacdo jawi la xakameeyey, taasoo yareyneysa khatarta ka dib rakibidda.
6.Dooro Muraayadda hoose ee NiS:Dooro muraayad aad u cad, maadaama ay ka kooban tahay wasakh yar sida NiS, taasoo hoos u dhigaysa khatarta jabka kediska ah.
7.Codso Filimka Badbaadada:Ku rakib filim aan qarxin karin dusha sare ee muraayadda si aad uga ilaaliso jeexjeexyada dhalooyinka inay soo dhacaan haddii ay dhacdo dillaac lama filaan ah.Aflaanta dhumuc weyn, sida 12mil, ayaa lagula talinayaa in si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyo.
